Conference wk 5 Coursework Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Gathering wk 5 - Coursework Example This data can be joined with insight administration to give ground onto which examinations about enemies and malignant acts can be begun. Data can likewise be utilized to make the individuals of the United States versatility. The data sharing procedure is confronted with the test of the media through which the data can be passed (Purpura, 2007). This is on the grounds that the internet is accepted to be a basic foundation confronted with dangers, for example, cybercrime. The achievement of the insurance of basic foundation strategic intended to keep the data secure and hidden. The data must have the sender and the beneficiary. The recipient goes about as the crowd. The data must be coordinated to the correct crowd. The messages that are sent must be educative and illuminating. Country security office should then search for criticism from the crowd. Input would then be able to enable the division to realize how to treat the data, the crowd or the subject (Coppola, 2011). They can know whether it is tainted. Country Security division influences the natural equity through the effect of its activity, administrative exercises and through money related help to ancestral, state and nearby governments. The activities made by Homeland Security office can here and there influence nature which could be the individuals, network, associations and its accomplices. The collaboration of the considerable number of players is required to give comprehension of the crucial, (2011). Ecological equity can be given through preparing and instruction on the known and obscure dangers. For known calamities, Homeland Security, Energy and Justice Departments can dispatch crusade to prepare people in general on the most proficient method to manage explicit circumstances when they occur or before they occur. Specialists on call are typically accessible to help where people and networks neglect to manage debacles (Purpura, 2007). Making sure about

Savior In Gnosticism And Orthodoxy Essay Example For Students

Rescuer In Gnosticism And Orthodoxy Essay I am endeavoring to keep in touch with one intelligible exposition examining questions three and two. I propose to initially describe the contradicting perspectives on the deliverer in Gnosticismand in Orthodoxy. Besides, I will think about the Valentinian and exemplary Gnosticsin how they vary and how the Gospel of Truth embodies the highlights ofValentinian Gnosticism. The Orthodox view the congregation as a fundamental mediumbetween the common people and god; they contended that without the congregation and the hierarchyof pastorate, the gathering would not have the option to achieve god all alone. Theysaw the happening to divine beings realm as a strict occasion. They likewise observed itpreposterous thought to isolate the body from human life. That is, they sawJesus as both fragile living creature and soul that were indivisible. The Orthodox consideredthe execution of Jesus as a recorded record. They saw Jesus as a martyrthat relinquished his life with the goal that we may live. It was accepted that the martyrdomof Jesus takes into account the pardoning of sins and guarantees re vival and ourlife everlasting; this penance permitted us to discharge our blame and receiveforgiveness for our wrongdoings. On the matter of what Jesus was, the Gnosticsvehemently couldn't help contradicting the Orthodox Church. Gnostics accepted that Jesus wasmore than a human saint; Gnostics accepted that the Holy Spirit (Christ) andJesus of Nazareth were two separate substances. They felt that Jesus was a man offlesh who, at sanctification, got the Holy Spirit and became Christ. They lookedat it just as the soul of Christ was possessing the assortment of Jesus until thecrucifixion, where the soul was transfigured and discharged with the goal that we mayattain salvation. Gnostics and the Orthodox Church likewise contended over the point ofthe enduring, or the enthusiasm of Jesus. Gnostics felt that Christ just appearedto endure and bite the dust, it was the body that endured and when Jesus passed, thespirit was transfigured and discharged. Gnostics and the Orthodox additionally di sagreedon the purpose of the presence of God. The Gnostics excused that the god ofthe old confirmation a divine force of creation and discipline was plainly a different entityfrom the lord of Jesus, who was a cherishing and pardoning god. How could such aloving god connect with us with salvation and absolution be a similar god whocreated agony, discipline and languishing. The Orthodox had confidence in one god,the father omnipotent maker of paradise and earth. Truth be told this was themajor guarantee of the ideology that the conventional Christians broadcasted as part oftheir confidence. Another purpose of contention was the means by which to accomplish salvation. OrthodoxChristians felt it was important to declare, so anyone can hear, their faith in one god. This was the recognizing factor that permitted them to isolate themselves from theGnostics-who were presently viewed as apostates and a danger to the congregation. Gnosticsbelieved that up to one lived in confidence and held great direct throughouttheir whole life they would accomplish salvation. Gnostics felt their methodology wassuperior to that of the Orthodox Christians in light of the fact that even wolves in sheep's clothing couldproclaim the statement of faith, not have confidence in it and still arrive at life interminable andsalvation. After Jesus kicked the bucket, both Orthodox Christians and Gnostics asserted towitness the restoration of Christ. The customary asserted that they saw thephysical return of Jesus Christ and communicated the significance of this typeof locating as reality. Gnostics had the conviction that the relationship betweensalvation and themselves was on a progressively close to home level. Gnostics demanded that itwas just an experience between the obse rver and the soul of Christ that hadbeen changed. This follows the Gnostics conviction that strict enlightenmentcame from introspect and self-information. When one had accomplished this gnosis theywere viewed as of develop information and an individual from a world class bunch readyto get the mystery information on the soul. Gnostics accepted that theybelonged to the genuine church of a choose rare sorts of people who were commendable; theorthodox Christians would not be spared on the grounds that they were oblivious in regards to reality. Ignatus took the possibility of the dad, child and the Holy Spirit to anextreme. He felt that this equivalent chain of importance was spoken to on earth by theprocession of diocesan, minister and elder. What's more, just by adoring the religious administrator as astand-in for god would they be spared. The Orthodox Church was inflexible about theimportance of the ministry as the medium to god. The Valentinians were a branch ofGnosticism that frequently were not perceived as apostates. They rode a fine linebetween the universal and the Gnostics. The Valentinians were not the same as therest of the Gnostics since they, similar to the Orthodox Church, broadcasted beliefin one god. The universal accepted that once the Valentinians were in seclusionthat they considered a contention between the well known picture of godas the wellspring of all being. The Orthodox Church was soon progressively compromised by theValentinians in light of the fact that they were apostates whos lessons were prac tically identical to thatof the Orthodox in what they said-however what they implied was godless. TheValentinians resembled the great Gnostics since they couldn't help contradicting theOrthodox Church on the matter of the significance of pastorate in the issue ofattaining a relationship with god. The two of them saw the conversation of god as anoverlying issue to the subject of otherworldly position. They expressed that theOrthodox Church was progressively worried about the issues of who had more force thanfocusing on the genuine issues. The Orthodox focused on the significance of therelationship between the progression of pastorate and the association with the father,son and the Holy Spirit. Merciful, of the Orthodox Church announced that any personwho defied the intensity of the priest was irreverent and ought to be denounced todeath. The Gnostics communicated the significance of balance in the love. Theyargued that by considering each other as equivalents, there would be lessconc entration on the battle for force and more spotlight on achieving information andsalvation. The Gnostics took an extreme situation for the time and it stillemanates today-the situation of ladies in the congregation. The Gnostics permitted womento partake in all parts of the love; indeed, any one whenever wasallowed to take on the situation of religious administrator. Along these lines, there was no contentions overwho held more force. The Orthodox Church thought this was all out and completeblasphemy. They felt that ladies had no spot in the authority of the congregation. Hazard Taking EssayIgnatus took the possibility of the dad, child and the Holy Spirit to anextreme. He felt that this equivalent pecking order was spoken to on earth by theprocession of religious administrator, minister and elder. What's more, just by adoring the cleric as astand-in for god would they be spared. The Orthodox Church was determined about theimportance of the ministry as the medium to god. The Valentinians were a branch ofGnosticism that frequently were not perceived as blasphemers. They rode a fine linebetween the conventional and the Gnostics. The Valentinians were not the same as therest of the Gnostics since they, similar to the Orthodox Church, declared beliefin one god. The customary accepted that once the Valentinians were in seclusionthat they considered a contention between the well known picture of godas the wellspring of all being. The Orthodox Church was soon increasingly compromised by theValentinians on the grounds that they were apostates whos lessons wer e tantamount to thatof the Orthodox in what they said-however what they implied was disrespectful. TheValentinians resembled the great Gnostics since they couldn't help contradicting theOrthodox Church on the matter of the significance of pastorate in the issue ofattaining a relationship with god. The two of them saw the conversation of god as anoverlying issue to the subject of otherworldly power. They expressed that theOrthodox Church was progressively worried about the issues of who had more force thanfocusing on the genuine issues. The Orthodox focused on the significance of therelationship between the progression of pastorate and the association with the father,son and the Holy Spirit. Forebearing, of the Orthodox Church declared that any personwho resisted the intensity of the diocesan was disrespectful and ought to be denounced todeath. The Gnostics communicated the significance of uniformity in the love. Theyargued that by considering each other as equivalents, there would b e lessconcentration on the battle for force and more spotlight on achieving information andsalvation. The Gnostics took an extreme situation for the time and it stillemanates today-the situation of ladies in the congregation. The Gnostics permitted womento take an interest in all parts of the love; actually, any one whenever wasallowed to take on the situation of religious administrator. Along these lines, there was no contentions overwho held more force. The Orthodox Church thought this was absolute and completeblasphemy. They felt that ladies had no spot in the administration of the congregation. Some portion of the explanation that Gnostics communicated their faith in uniformity was becauseof the way that they saw the connection among Jesus and his followers. They didn't consider Jesus to be a better than the witnesses. Or maybe, they saw Jesus notas a prophet with the entirety of the appropriate responses, yet as an ambassador of the data thatshould be sed as an asset and a hopping off point on their quest for gnosis. The Gospel of Truth is a Christian Gnostic book connected to the Valentinin School. It is an impression of the life and work of Jesus. It mirrors the significanceof Jesus and his works. This work is praiseworthy of the premise of the ValentinianGnostic development. This content communicated the Valentinian rule that theknowledge of god decimates obliviousness. It explains the legendary record of thefall of Sophia and considers it the portrayal of blunder. This content talks ofJesus fill in as a revealer and an educator. It communicates the point about thesignificance of his passing and revival of his soul and its association toour salvation. It deciphers the occasion of Jesus passing as a disclosure of theessence of the Father and the Origins of mankind inside him. Through thisinsight, the forces are overc

Vyvanse and Adderall Similarities and Differences

Vyvanse and Adderall Similarities and Differences ADHD Treatment Print Vyvanse and Adderall Similarities and Differences By Jacqueline Sinfield facebook twitter Jacqueline Sinfield is an ADHD coach, and the author of Untapped Brilliance, How to Reach Your Full Potential As An Adult With ADHD. Learn about our editorial policy Jacqueline Sinfield Medically reviewed by Medically reviewed by Steven Gans, MD on October 28, 2019 Steven Gans, MD is board-certified in psychiatry and is an active supervisor, teacher, and mentor at Massachusetts General Hospital. Learn about our Medical Review Board Steven Gans, MD Updated on January 08, 2020 ADHD Overview Symptoms Causes Diagnosis Treatment Living With In Children Verywell /Theresa Chiechi Vyvanse and  Adderall are both stimulant medications prescribed to  treat ADHD. Stimulants (also known as psychostimulants) are the first line of medications due to their effectiveness in treating ADHD symptoms.?? Both drugs act on the central nervous system, which boosts the availability of neurotransmitters in the brain. With the increased amounts of dopamine and norepinephrine, it is easier to pay attention and focus. In addition, hyperactivity and impulsive behavior is reduced. Are Vyvanse and Adderall the Same? Vyvanse and Adderall are two different medications. However, because they are both stimulant medications from the same drug family (amphetamine) they may be confused as being the same medication.?? Here are some facts about the two drugs to shed light on their similarities and differences: Adderall Adderall is a brand name for a drug that contains dextroamphetamine and amphetamine. It is available in two formulas: Adderall IR (immediate release) and Adderall XR (extended release). Adderall IR is short-acting and lasts for approximately 4 hours.  Typically, when a person is prescribed this immediate release version, they would take it two or three times a day. Adderall XR formula is effective for 10 to 12 hours. It became FDA approved in 1996 and is approved to be  prescribed to people 6 years and older. Adderall is also approved to treat narcolepsy. Vyvanse Vyvanse is a brand name for a drug that contains lisdexamfetamine. When lisdexamfetamine enters the body, it is converted to dextroamphetamine. It is available in one formula and is effective for approximately 14 hours. Vyvanse was approved by the FDA in 2007 and is approved  to treat people 6 years and older.??  In addition to treating ADHD, Vyvanse is approved to treat binge eating  disorder. Vyvanse vs. Adderall   Perhaps the biggest distinction between Adderall and Vyvanse is that Vyvanse is a prodrug. This means that it needs to be taken orally in order to be metabolized by the body’s enzymes to become effective. Vyvanse is often described as ‘smoother’ than Adderall. One  of the reasons for this is thatâ€"because it has a slower absorption rateâ€"there is not a ‘kick’ or ‘jolt’ to the system when the medication starts to work. In addition, there is less medication rebound when Vyvanse starts to wear off. The effects of Adderall start to work within 30 minutes. In contrast, Vyvanse takes approximately one to two hours to take effect. Since Adderall is available in both intermediate and extended versions, it allows for great flexibility in how it can be taken. For example, a person might be prescribed Adderall XR to take daily and have Adderall IR to take when a more immediate effect is needed or when it is beneficial  to have the medication wear off before bedtime. Vyvanse Slower absorption rate, starts working in 1 to 2 hours Effects last 14 hours Lower risk of abuse since cannot be inhaled or injected No generic available until after 2023 Adderall Faster absorption rate, starts working in 30 minutes Effects last 4 hours for Adderall IR, 10 to 12 hours for Adderall XR More potential for abuse Generic available Immediate (IR) and extended (XR) versions for flexibility Is Vyvanse Safer Than Adderall? Vyvanse and Adderall are Schedule II drugs , which mean there is a potential for abuse and extended use could cause dependence.?? Both are approved to take orally, and since Vyvanse needs to be converted in the body to become effective, it is not a drug that can be inhaled or injected as a way to become high. This could mean it is less likely to be misused than Adderall and other stimulant medications. Always store your medications safely and away from other people. Forms and Dosages Adderall IR is available in tablets ranging from 5mg to 30mg. Adderall XR is available in six  different doses ranging from 5mg to 30mg.?? Vyvanse is available in capsules and chewable tablets of several strengths in doses  from 30mg to 70mg. Doctors usually prescribe a lower dose when you first start taking a medication and gradually increase it until they find the right therapeutic dose for you and your symptoms. Cost Adderall and Vyvanse are both brand names and a month’s supply without insurance can  cost from around $150 to $400 depending on the frequency and dose. Adderall is available in generic versions (amphetamine salt combo), which can be considerably cheaper. Some people find that generic versions of Adderall are not as effective for them as the brand version. Vyvanse is not available in generic form. Online pharmacies might advertise generic forms of Vyvanse but  take care: generic Vyvanse has not been approved, giving it the potential to be unsafe. Side Effects As Vyvanse and Adderall are both amphetamine type stimulant medications, the side effects of each drug are similar and include: Abdominal painAppetite lossDiarrheaDizzinessDry mouthFeverHeadacheInsomniaIrritabilityNauseaNervousnessSleep problemsVomitingWeight loss More serious but rarer side effects include increased heart rate, high blood pressure, shortness of breath, hallucinations, and paranoia. If you experience these or any other side effects,  contact a doctor as soon as possible. There are some additional side effects that need to be considered for women and men. Men might experience an additional side effect when taking an amphetamine, which is erectile dysfunction (ED).?? Although you might feel embarrassed to talk about this with your doctor, they will be able to work with you to help resolve this issue. Adderall and Vyvanse are category C drugs, which means they could be unsafe to an unborn baby. If you are a woman who is pregnant, planning to become pregnant or breastfeeding, talk with your doctor. Both drugs have the potential to interact  with other medications you are taking. Some examples include monoamine oxidases inhibitors (MAOIs), acidifying agents, alkalizing agents, antidepressants, antihistamines and high blood pressure medication. Remember to inform your prescribing doctor about other prescription medication, over- the- counter medication as well as any natural supplements you might be taking. Which Drug Is Best For You? If you are wondering which ADHD medication is best for you or your child, consult with your doctor or pediatrician.  Finding the optimal medication often involves some back and forth with your doctor as each person responds differently to each drug. When you start taking a new medication, monitor how it makes you feel, including side effects. Then inform your doctor so they can make the necessary adjustments  if needed.

Pros and Cons of De-Suggestopedia - 2099 Words

CONTENTS 2 INTRODUCTION 4 SUGGESTOPEDIA - KEY ELEMENTS 5 THE FOUR STEPS OF DE-SUGGESTOPEDIA 5 REVIEW OF LITERATURE 8 PARA-CONSCIOUS 8 EXTEND 9 RELAXATION 9 MUSIC 10 BRIEF SUMMARY OF THE EMPIRICAL RESEARCH 11 COMMENTS 12 PROS 12 CONS 14 CONCLUSION 16 Work Load Introduction Literature Review Conclusion Reference INTRODUCTION Desuggestopedia – definition and method Regarding its terminology â€Å"desuggestopedia† stands for a special approach and a process of specific teaching where the mentors take in consideration the children emotional state as a precondition for a suitable learning environment. Because of this, desuggestiopedia is also called an affective-humanistic teaching method. This particular method originates from suggestology, which is a discipline that contains the systematic research of non-conscious and non-rational impacts that human beings constantly respond to, including the loading of memory banks with enabling and desired recollections. With this in mind, we can identify the process of desuggestion as a special way of directing the unloading of unwanted or blocked memories or memory banks. In order to fulfill this, a special suggestive atmosphere is required, with pleasant baroque music, soft lighting design, and cheerful decorations, as well as comfortable seating accompanied by dramatic techniques which the teacher practices when presenting the material in the classroom. SUGGESTOPEDIA - KEY ELEMENTS The

Advertising is a Form of Propoganda - 1232 Words

1. Propaganda is a term used to describe a way to openly and tendentiously manipulate the public opinion. It is mainly transmitted through the mass media, which in general can reach out to a large number of people in a short time. If you search up the term advertisement you will find that it usually means one of these things: a paid announcement, as of goods for sale, in newspapers or magazines, on radio or television, etc; a public notice or the action of making generally known; a calling to the attention of the public. Basically the main goal of advertising is convincing people that a thing is good or bad, regardless of whether it is a political decision, economic venture, social activity, religious measure, or etc. This position paper†¦show more content†¦Advertisements do not represent a form of propaganda yet a way to help to increase the sale of goods and so producers can sell goods at reasonable prices. They raise the standard of living of people by drawing attention to new products and ideas. They increase the demand for goods and more workers are needed to produce goods so they provide employment. They pay for many services such as transporters, porters and sellers. Daily newspapers, television license fees and bus fees remain cheap because of advertisements. They also keep up the quality of the goods and services we use. In conclusion advertisements help with the economic situations in many countries and it can also bring people together though owning or liking common things. Advertisement does not represent a form of propaganda yet a tool in benefiting not just the country but also people that come across the ad. 7. By its very nature, advertising is a prominent feature of economic life. Advertising is one of the most dominate ways of reaching out to consumers and potential buyers through their TV sets, radios, newspapers, magazines, mailboxes, computers and †¦. Not surprisingly, the associated advertising expenditures can be huge. Advertising is big business indeed. Advertisements basically use visual, acoustic and combined messages that inform consumers about certain products and services, and influence them to freely choose and buy these products, whichShow MoreRelated Media Stereotypes Essay examples1432 Words   |  6 PagesMedia Stereotypes â€Å"Media stereotypes are inevitable, especially in the advertising, entertainment and news industries, which need as wide an audience as possible to quickly understand information. Stereotypes act like codes that give audiences a quick, common understanding of a person or group of people—usually relating to their class, ethnicity or race, gender, sexual orientation, social role or occupation.† Stereotypes are deeply embedded in every society in numerous ways. The dictionaryRead MoreSmoking Essay1568 Words   |  7 Pagessoldiers as well as others. However, Nazi regimens banned cigarettes and other forms of tobacco among their soldiers to promote purity after the link between smoking and lung cancer was found (Lawler, 2014). The United States slowly began to change the culture and social attitude toward smoking. In 1964 the Surgeon General Committee declared smoking as a cause of premature death. The Federal Cigarette Labeling and Advertising Act of 1965 required that health warning on cigarette and tobacco packetsRead MoreThe Interconnected Nature of Media, Culture and Society Essay example1672 Words   |  7 Pagesany medium that is used to convey and transmit mass communication. The media is considered as the general condition of modernity that is undermining and weakening the traditional bonds, keeping society together and making individuals vulnerable to propoganda. This implies that early media theory has passed down the perception of the media, as a powerful and persuasive influence over individuals and society (Williams, K. 2001) Furthermore, media analysts and theorists must work with audiences becauseRead MoreEssay on Review of â€Å"the Propaganda of the Saints in the Middle Ages.†3444 Words   |  14 PagesThe â€Å"Propoganda of Saints in the Middle Ages† article, written by Esther Cohen, goes over many of the methods the Catholic Church employed to gain power over the people in Europe. Cohen goes through the middle ages by describing how the Catholic Church was spreading its faith; mainly through the use of propaganda. An Age of Faith took place between the fall of the Roman Empire and the discovery of America. Cohen describes how the in the early years of the church, martyred Christians rapidly assumedRead MoreGp Essay Mainpoints24643 Words   |  99 Pages GP NOTES 2010 (ESSAY) Content Page 1. Media a. New vs. Traditional b. New: narcissistic? c. Government Censorship d. Profit-driven Media e. Advertising f. Private life of public figures g. Celebrity as a role model h. Blame media for our problems i. Power + Responsibility of Media j. Media ethics k. New Media and Democracy 2. Science/Tech a. Science and Ethics b. Government and scientist role in science c. Rely too much on technology? d. Nuclear technology

The Street Lawyer Free Essays

RUNNING HEAD: THE STREET LAWYER The Street Lawyer Social Work 3040-01I Apr. 30, 2008 SUMMARY John Grisham’s The Street Lawyer tells the story of Michael Brock a married wealthy attorney who has it all. Michael, a graduate of Yale University, works at Drake Sweeny, one of the top and well respected firms in Washington D. We will write a custom essay sample on The Street Lawyer or any similar topic only for you Order Now C. While there he is making the money and rushing relentlessly to the top of Drake Sweeny. He is only one step away from an early partnership. Until one rainy winter afternoon at Drake Sweeny. An angry homeless man who only wants to be called â€Å"Mister† holds Michael and eight other lawyers hostage in an office at Drake Sweeny. â€Å"Mister† demands the tax records be brought to him. After the tax records arrive he orders Michael to tell him what each lawyer including Michael has made in earnings for the year and how much of their money is donated to charities and the homeless. After several hours the hostage stand off is over leaving one man dead and another reborn. Mister† is shot in the head by a sniper policeman as he opens the office door to receive the soup he wants delivered from a local shelter. â€Å"Mister’s† blood and bodily fluids cover Michael’s entire face since he is standing directly behind him. The police escort Michael to a small gym in the building where doctors examine him and he is able to shower. After his shower Michael returns home. The next morning he returns to work at Drake Sweeny. After reading an ar ticle in the Post he learns more about â€Å"Mister† whose real name is DeVon Hardy. After paying a visit to Mordecia Green the director of the 14th Street Legal Clinic, where â€Å"Mister† was a client, Michael begins to rethink his career as an anti-trust lawyer for Drake Sweeny and his life as well. Leaving Drake Sweeny to become a street lawyer would have profound affect on his home life and marriage as well. After telling his wife he will take a job with less money and no benefits the couple separate and eventually file for divorce. Michael moves to a smaller apartment on the rough side of Washington D. C. nd begins working at the 14th Street Legal Law Clinic with Mordeci Green. While working there Michael is harboring a dark secret: a confidential file. A confidential file from the law offices of Drake Sweeny which contains information about the illegal eviction of â€Å"Misterâ€Å" and the other homeless people. Now Drake Sweeny know their file is missing and want it returned immediately no matter what. Even if it means Michael losing his license to practice law. His former partners have become his enemies and Michael is now the most dangerous man on the streets of Washington D. C. EXAMINATION Populations-at risk are the homeless in John Grisham’s The Street Lawyer and the environment that which they live in are considered the social environment. Populations-at risk are defined as populations or groups of people who share some identifiable characteristics that places them at greater risk of social and economic deprivation and oppression than the general mainstream of society. The social environment involves the conditions, circumstances, and human interactions that encompasses human beings. People are dependent upon effective interactions with their environment in order to survive and thrive. The social environment includes the actual physical setting that society provides. This involves the type of home a person lives in, the type of work that is done, the amount of money available, and the laws and social rules by which people live. â€Å"Mister† and the other homeless who were illegal evicted from their makeshift apartments are to considered members of a social environment. In reference to the social environment the actual physical setting that society provided to the homeless were homeless shelters. But once the homeless shelters do not begin to taken in borders because they are over crowded the homeless are forced into the streets in hopes of finding a safe and warm place to stay for the night. Sleeping on park benches and makeshift warehouses are the only means of shelter available to them. Even if they are working at a job the wages are usually not enough to provide adequate shelter. Society tends to blame the homeless for their choice of life and for being homeless. But at times it not the fault of the homeless but the fault of the government. For example a working middle class family loses their home to foreclosure because of lay-offs and budget cuts at their jobs. With being laid off both lose their pension and benefits that came along with their jobs. Even if both parents would find another job paying minimum wage it would not be enough to pay the $1000. 00 monthly mortgage and other expenses. Therefore, those individuals cannot be held at fault for becoming homeless the fault lies with the budget cuts made by the federal government to their jobs. At other times the fault lies with the individual themselves for becoming homeless. For example a woman works as a nurse in a hospital becomes addicted to prescription drugs and is later fired from her job because of stealing the prescription drugs to which is addicted to. Since the prescription drugs are no longer available to her she becomes addicted to crack/cocaine because it is accessible to her. She files for unemployment until she can find another job but her unemployment checks are going to support her habit instead of paying her monthly rent. She is evicted and thrown into the streets where and begins prostitution to support her habit. Receiving a â€Å"fix† has become her main priority in life. In that particular situation the individual is the blame for their choice to become homeless. ELUDICATION John Grisham’s characters Michael Brock and Mordecia Green worked not only as attorneys for the homeless but also as social workers too. Throughout The Street Lawyer Michael and Mordecia counseled each individual to gain a knowledge of what their lives were before they became homeless and why they have become homeless. Most lawyers would not take the time find out if whether or not their client had a place to sleep or food to eat the night before. Many lawyers would not offer their services free of charge. Michael and Mordecia worked as lawyers as well as social workers. Each day Michael and Mordecia traveled to a local homeless shelter to interview potential clients and help them with whatever they needed. Most of their clients were generally homeless people or individuals who were laid off from their job recently. The two helped these individuals fill out government forms, obtain job applications, and sometimes a rehab center for those who were addicted to drugs and alcohol. At times some clients could not be helped but Michael and Mordecia provided their counseling service as a means of help. Some individuals only needed some to talk to about what was going on in their life at that time. He wants his readers to see the similarities between social workers and attorneys. His examples with Michael and Mordecia with their clients express key elements in the career of a social worker. EVALUATION/CONCLUSION The Street Lawyer by John Grisham conveys its readers to the unknown world of homelessness and the cause. He wants his readers to see the cruel dark side of humanity and how society views homelessness. By having the story take place in Washington D. C. , the capitol of the United States, a place where many would not believe crack houses are a block away from the White House. Homeless women, men, and children are forced to seek shelter anywhere when all the shelters in the city are full. These same people are usually victims of layoffs and budget cuts by Congress. Grisham wants his readers to see the reality of homelessness and that it can happen to anyone. One’s whole perspective on their life can change in an instance because of one individual or many. He gives thorough examples throughout his book about the day and life of a homeless person and their family. The struggles they face day to day not knowing if he or she will have something to eat or a place to sleep by night fall. He contributes to the study of social work by having his main characters act as counselors to the homeless, employment agencies and location of rehabs for those who are addicted to drugs and alcohol. The Street Lawyer is a learning tool in the world of social work for those who want to gain a better understanding of what a social worker does on a daily bases. One who enjoys helping others and making a difference in someone else’s life will definitely enjoy reading this book. After reading this book I now have a better understanding of homelessness and I will eventually use this book as learning tool while furthering my education in the study of social work. â€Å" How to cite The Street Lawyer, Essay examples

Robinson Crusoe And Friday Essays - Fiction, English-language Films

Robinson Crusoe And Friday The "primitive" Friday demonstrates exceedingly good values superior to those of the "civilized" Crusoe. Friday's honesty, loyalty, and natural innocence are unequaled by Crusoe's deceptiveness, lack of trust in Friday, and pessimistic ideas. Early life in "civilization" gives Crusoe preconceptions that don't allow for simple, natural thinking. Yet, Friday, raised as a "savage", is given to simple childlike behavior. When compared with Crusoe, Friday triumphs with his good-natured morals. Friday's honesty is apparent, not only to the reader, but also to Crusoe. Crusoe's own description of Friday is evidence of this, "I had a singular satisfaction in the fellow himself: his simple, unfeigned honesty appeared to me more and more every day"(148). Crusoe specifies Friday's honesty as "simple" and "unfeigned". It seems Crusoe would have expected a "savage" to be misleading, also a sign of his preconceptions. Again, when Crusoe is jealous of Friday at his expression of joy at the thought of his own country, Crusoe "found everything he said was so honest and so innocent, that I could find nothing to nourish my suspicion"(152). Crusoe's jealousy stems from his "civilized" thinking, and Friday's pure expression of truth comes from his "primitive" ways. Yet, when Friday surprises Crusoe with a simple and innocent question Crusoe "pretended not to hear him"(150). Crusoe is surprised and attempts to deceive Friday to forget the question. It seems Crusoe's natural reaction in that situation is to lie. Friday has an honesty that Crusoe cannot compete with. In everything that Friday says and does, he relates only the truth because Friday does not know differently. Furthermore, part of this honesty comes from Friday's deep loyalty to Crusoe. Friday's servitude to Crusoe is demonstrated immediately after his rescue when Friday put his head on the ground and put Crusoe's foot on his head. From that point on, Friday is completely loyal to Crusoe. After a good while, Crusoe is even aware of this fact, "I daresay he would have sacrificed his life to save mine upon any occasion whatsoever"(147). Yet, Crusoe doesn't trust Friday, "While my jealousy of him lasted, you may be sure I was every day pumping him, to see if he would discover any of the new thoughts which I suspected were in him"(152), he thinks Friday would leave and become a cannibal and Crusoe. Crusoe later realizes his mistake, "the honest, grateful creature...to my full satisfaction"(153). Next, Crusoe doesn't trust Friday in the beginning and places him outside to sleep, "I had placed a kind of trap door...every night"(145). Crusoe again is blinded by his "civilized" thoughts and thinks Friday may attempt to kill and eat him. Eventually Crusoe knows better, "For never man had a more faithful, loving, sincere, servant than Friday was to me: without passions, sullenness, or designs, perfectly obliged and engaged; his very affections were tied to me, like those of a child to a father"(145). Crusoe describes Friday as the perfect servant, almost like a father to a son. Friday would give his life for Crusoe, yet Crusoe distrusts him. Only Crusoe's "civilized" and therefore evil thoughts on humanity could cause him to distrust such an honest servant. Crusoe spent time in "civilization" and thinks about things in an experienced, and rather pessimistic way. Friday, on the other hand, is innocent of society and hasn't been taught anyway to think. Crusoe believes that man has a tendency to do evil, "the devil...cause us to run upon our destruction by our own choice"(150). He thinks anyone, especially a "savage" would be tempted by the devil. Yet when he tries to explain to Friday about the devil, Crusoe exposes Friday's pure and natural innocence, "but there appeared nothing of this kind in the notion of an evil spirit, of his origin, his being, his nature, and above all, of his inclination to do evil, and to draw us in to do so too"(150). Friday is very pure and simple person. He boldly asks questions about God, "if God much stronger, much might as the wicked devil, why God no kill the devil, so make him no more do wicked"(150). Friday had "listened with great seriousness" and now had thought with his pure and simple mind, and baffled Crusoe "I scarce knew what to say to him"(150). All of Friday's questions and thoughts on God are natural and simple, owing to his "primitive" upbringing. Friday surmounts and even shocks Crusoe in his honesty, loyalty, and innocence. Friday manifests all of his qualities to a point beyond Crusoe, because Friday embraces these values with a "primitive" sense, not tainted by "civilization". It

Isambard Kingdom Brunel essays

Isambard Kingdom Brunel essays From around 1760 till 1860,the work and innovation of a few revolutionary engineers made possible the social and economic change in Britain that is know known as The Industrial Revolution. Isambard Kingdom Brunel is possibly the most remembered of this small but very significant group and many of his designs and projects have survived to the present day and there are some that are still in use. Isambard Kingdom Brunel was born in Portsea on 9th April 1806 to an English mother (nee Kingdom) and a French father. His father, Sir Marc Brunel, was a French monarchist whose continuing residence in revolutionary France had made life there somewhat uncomfortable. Probably due to his familys background in engineering Isambard had the luxury of having a sound grounding in the basics of engineering before he began working for his father. In 1818 sombards father designed a tunnelling shield that allowed work to be done on the excavation of the tunnel without the fear of a collapse. This lead to the founding of a company called the Thames Tunnelling Company and this was the beginning of the project known as the Thames Tunnel. At the tender age of 20 Isambard was put in charge of this 18 year project, but unfortunately the operation suffered 2 major disasters and in the 2nd flooding of the tunnel Isambard himself was nearly drowned. However this didnt seem to discourage Isambard and he continued to peruse his career in engineering and at the age of 26 he was offered a job as an engineer at the newly formed Great Western Railways. His work on the line that linked London to Bristol helped to establish Brunel as one of the world's leading engineers. Impressive achievements on the route included the viaducts at Hanwell and Chippenham, the Maidenhead Bridge, the Box Tunnel and the Bristol Temple Meads Station. Probably due to his now impressive record Brunel was able to persuade Great ...

Timeline of the Lebanese Civil War From 1975-1990

Timeline of the Lebanese Civil War From 1975-1990 The Lebanese Civil War took place from 1975 to 1990 and claimed the lives of some 200,000 people, which left Lebanon in ruins. Lebanese Civil War, 1975 to 1978 April 13, 1975:  Gunmen attempt to assassinate Maronite Christian Phalangist leader Pierre Gemayel as he’s leaving church that Sunday. In retaliation, Phalangist gunmen ambush a busload of Palestinians, most of them civilians, killing 27 passengers. Week-long clashes between Palestinian-Muslim forces and Phalangists follow, marking the beginning of Lebanon’s 15-year civil war. June 1976: Some 30,000 Syrian troops enter Lebanon, ostensibly to restore peace. Syria’s intervention stops vast military gains against Christians by Palestinian-Muslim forces. The invasion is, in fact, Syria’s attempt to claim Lebanon, which it never recognized when Lebanon won independence from France in 1943. October 1976: Egyptian, Saudi, and other Arab troops in small numbers join the Syrian force as a result of a peace summit brokered in Cairo. The so-called Arab Deterrent Force would be short-lived. March 11, 1978: Palestinian commandos attack an Israeli kibbutz between Haifa and Tel Aviv, then hijack a bus. Israeli forces respond. By the time the battle was over, 37 Israelis and nine Palestinians were killed. March 14, 1978: Some 25,000 Israeli soldiers crossed the Lebanese border in Operation Litani, named for the Litani River that crosses South Lebanon, not 20 miles from the Israeli border. The invasion is designed to wipe out the Palestine Liberation Organization’s structure in South Lebanon. The operation fails. March 19, 1978: The United Nations Security Council adopts Resolution 425, sponsored by the United States, calling on Israel to withdraw from South Lebanon and on the UN to establish a 4,000-strong UN peacekeeping force in South Lebanon. The force is termed the United Nations Interim Force in Lebanon. Its original mandate was for six months. The force is still in Lebanon today. June 13, 1978: Israel withdraws, mostly, from occupied territory, handing over authority to the breakaway Lebanese Army force of Maj. Saad Haddad, which expands its operations in South Lebanon, operating as an Israeli ally. July 1, 1978: Syria turns its guns on Lebanon’s Christians, pounding Christian areas of Lebanon in the worst fighting in two years. September 1978: U.S. President Jimmy Carter brokers the Camp David accords between Israel and Egypt, the first Arab-Israeli peace. Palestinians in Lebanon vow to escalate their attacks on Israel. 1982 to 1985 ​June 6, 1982: Israel invades Lebanon again. Gen. Ariel Sharon leads the attack. The two-month drive leads the Israeli army to the southern suburbs of Beirut. The Red Cross estimates the invasion costs the lives of some 18,000 people, mostly civilian Lebanese. August 24, 1982: A multinational force of U.S. Marines, French paratroopers, and Italian soldiers lands in Beirut to assist in the evacuation of the Palestine Liberation Organization. August 30, 1982: After intense mediation led by the United States, Yasser Arafat and the Palestine Liberation Organization, which had run a state-within-a-state in West Beirut and South Lebanon, evacuate Lebanon. Some 6,000 PLO fighters go mostly to Tunisia, where they are again dispersed. Most end up in the West Bank and Gaza. September 10, 1982: The Multinational force completes its withdrawal from Beirut. Sept. 14, 1982: The Israeli-backed Christian Phalangist leader and Lebanese President-Elect Bashir Gemayel is assassinated at his headquarters in East Beirut. Sept. 15, 1982: Israeli troops invade West Beirut, the first time an Israeli force enters an Arab capital. Sept. 15-16, 1982: Under the supervision of Israeli forces, Christian militiamen are bused into the two Palestinian refugee camps of Sabra and Shatila, ostensibly to â€Å"mop up† remaining Palestinian fighters. Between 2,000 and 3,000 Palestinian civilians are massacred. September 23, 1982: Amin Gemayel, brother of Bashir, takes office as Lebanon’s president. September 24, 1982: The U.S.-French-Italian Multinational Force returns to Lebanon in a show of force and support for the Gemayel’s government. At first, French and American soldiers play a neutral role. Gradually, they turn into defenders of the Gemayel regime against Druze and Shiites in central and South Lebanon. April 18, 1983: The American Embassy in Beirut is attacked by a suicide bomb, killing 63. By then, the United States is actively engaged in Lebanon’s civil war on the side of the Gemayel government. May 17, 1983: Lebanon and Israel sign a U.S.-brokered peace agreement that calls for the withdrawal of Israeli troops contingent on the withdrawal of Syrian troops from northern and eastern Lebanon. Syria opposes the agreement, which was never ratified by the Lebanese parliament and canceled in 1987. October 23, 1983: U.S. Marines barracks near Beirut International Airport, on the south side of the city, are attacked by a suicide bomber in a truck, killing 241 Marines. Moments later, French paratroopers’ barracks are attacked by a suicide bomber, killing 58 French soldiers. Feb. 6, 1984:  Predominantly Shiite Muslim militias seize control of West Beirut. June 10, 1985:  The Israeli army finishes withdrawing out of most of Lebanon, but keeps an occupation zone along the Lebanon-Israeli border and calls it its â€Å"security zone.† The zone is patrolled by the South Lebanon Army and Israeli soldiers. June 16, 1985:  Hezbollah militants hijack a TWA flight to Beirut, demanding the release of Shiite prisoners in Israeli jails. Militants murder U.S. Navy diver Robert Stethem. The passengers were not freed until two weeks later. Israel, over a period of weeks following the resolution of the hijacking,  released  some 700 prisoners, insisting the release was not related to the hijacking. 1987 to 1990 June 1, 1987:  Lebanese Prime Minister Rashid Karami, a Sunni Muslim, is assassinated when a bomb explodes in his helicopter. He is replaced by Selim  el Hoss. September 22, 1988:  The presidency of Amin Gemayel ends without a successor. Lebanon operates under two rival governments: a military government led by renegade general Michel Aoun, and a civil government headed by Selim  el Hoss, a Sunni Muslim. March 14, 1989:  Gen. Michel Aoun declares a â€Å"war of Liberation† against Syrian occupation. The war triggers a devastating final round to the Lebanese Civil War as Christian factions battle it out. September 22, 1989:  The Arab League brokers a cease-fire. Lebanese and Arab leaders meet in Taif, Saudi Arabia, under the leadership of Lebanese Sunni leader Rafik Hariri. The Taif agreement effectively lays the groundwork for an end to the war by reapportioning power in Lebanon. Christians lose their majority in Parliament, settling for a 50-50 split, though the president is to  remain  a Maronite Christian, the prime minister a Sunni Muslim, and the speaker of Parliament a Shiite Muslim. November 22, 1989:  President-Elect Renà ©Ã‚  Muawad, believed to have been a reunification candidate, is assassinated. He is replaced by Elias Harawi. Gen. Emile Lahoud is named to replace Gen. Michel Aoun as commander of the Lebanese army. October 13, 1990:  Syrian forces are given a green light by France and the United States to storm Michel Aoun’s presidential palace once Syria joins the American coalition against Saddam Hussein in Operation Desert Shield and Desert Storm. October 13, 1990:  Michel Aoun takes refuge in the French Embassy, then chooses exile in Paris (he was to return as a Hezbollah ally in 2005). October 13, 1990, marks the official end of the Lebanese Civil War. Between 150,000 and 200,000 people, most of them civilians, are believed to have perished in the war.

Global Convergence and Divergence Research Paper

Global Convergence and Divergence - Research Paper Example The phenomenon of globalization is the inter-connectedness among the various nations of the world on the basis of economic ties, and this has produced convergence or unity and integration of different world systems. According to Thomas Friedman, globalization is the â€Å"inexorable integration of markets, nation-states, and technologies†¦..the spread of free-market capitalism to virtually every country in the world.† McMichael sees the process of global integration taking place on the basis of â€Å"market rule on a global scale†. This process of integration may be producing a global convergence of different organizational systems. Ugeux defines convergence as the manner in which a series of actions are driven towards a central point of reference – a process resulting in a move towards a common set of principles and objectives. Uguex notes that there appears to be a conceptual convergence in the following aspects: (a) the use of a non-ruling approach, wherein recommendations have been made for Companies to follow, which have been mandatorily imposed, yet are in practice being followed by many countries (b) the majority of the Board of public companies must be independent and executives of the Company are not deemed to be independent (c) Members of the audit committee must be independent directors and must not receive fees or compensation from the Companies (d) the audit committee makes the decision on the hiring of external auditors and this is subject to the approval of the directors and shareholders.

Methodology Term Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Methodology - Term Paper Example The aim of this analysis is to assess Sartre’s theory of the emotions and how he, in his arguments, follows general scientific standards and the use of (appropriate) methods for the enquiry. As a core requirement in the presentation of an argument any scientific work has to begin by introducing the topic chosen in terms of a â€Å"research question† and a â€Å"hypothesis† (a â€Å"preliminary†, i.e. ahead of the actual research, answer to the question). One then has to proceed by clearly stating the aim of the research and how one wants to â€Å"explore the problem† by comparing one or the other â€Å"literary source and concept†. Importantly, one also has to define the topic by qualifying it and the literature in terms of a particular set of â€Å"methods† to be used and deemed appropriate, be they person-oriented and qualitative, or of a more quantitative nature, or a mix of the two groups. At this stage, follows the â€Å"results- section†, an analysis and discussion of the data collected. Finally, conclusions and recommendations are made, and one also notes in which sense one’s study has tested the research question (Ellen, 1984). ‘ The Research Process Research, the search for knowledge and problem-solving, is a process whereby one continually adds to knowledge (Ellen, 1984). By this understanding, research is an ongoing process. There are, however, certain procedures to be followed and standards to be adhered to, be they of an â€Å"inductive† (experimental: â€Å"arriving at a theory based on facts†) or â€Å"deductive† (â€Å"facts are organized to match theory†) nature. Based on this division, one arrives at a â€Å"positivistic† and â€Å"relativistic stance†, resulting in a contrast of â€Å"explanation† (deduction, positivism, quantification) and â€Å"understanding† (induction, relativism, qualification) (Alexander, 1983; Gel lner, 1985)1. Thesis and hypothesis In his Sketch For A Theory Of The Emotions Sartre proposes a social and interactionist perspective by stressing the concept of â€Å"the social basis of emotions and the self†. His approach is inductive and grounded in arguments and examples to prove his thesis. His work is, he contends (and the present author tends to agree), an important critique of the â€Å"classic† literature on the constitution of emotions, consciousness and mind represented by such philosophers-psychologists as William James and Pierre Janet. Their focus is on the â€Å"individual† and his/her â€Å"consciousness†/†mind† as an analytical point of departure, an entity that exist a priori to one’s argument (Sartre, 1985, pp. 32 ff.)2. Opposed to this – and very revealing in terms of his empirical theory of emotions that are grounded in various fields of interaction with the social world (e.g., Mead, 1950) - Sartre states: â€Å" It [consciousness] arises as a relation of our psychic being and the world; and this relation –or rather our awareness of it – is not a chaotic relationship between the self and the universe, it is an organized and describable structure† (Sartre, 1985, p. 34) In the latter words, â€Å"organized and describable†, lie his procedure of proving his hypothesis regarding the social

Influence of Ethics in Business

Influence of Ethics in Business INTRODUCTION The purpose of this paper is to show how ethics influences international business. In todays business with the growing competition, there has been a rise of unethical behaviour by managers, employees or even shareholders. To stay in a business and maintain long term profitability it is important to maintain high ethical standards. It is good to point out that even if it means reducing profitability, the company expect employees to follow the ethical policy. Without a proper ethical program or laws, the company may find itself in illegal procedure or lawsuit. Today globalisation has taken place almost all over the world and it presents new opportunities to generate extra value added which deserve exploration. It helps to exploit the countrys competitive advantage and it develops economies of scale. Businesses enter foreign markets by exporting, importing, foreign manufacturing, franchising, licensing. Only recently, many large organisations regarded business ethics in terms of administrative compliance with legal standards and adherence to internal rules and regulations. However today, ethics have become a very important issue. Many organisations now realise that they must comply with the business ethical policies in order to succeed. International business ethics demand greater accountability towards government, laws, people and environment. Chapter two discusses on ethical issues and philosophical approaches to ethics Chapter three put emphasis on the discussion and analysis of international business ethics Chapter four provide conclusion and recommendation CHAPTER 2 2.1 INTERNATIONAL BUSINESS In Wikipedia, the term international business refers to all commercial transactions that is cross border transactions of goods and services and resources which are done between different countries. In fact the following terms are commonly used in international business: multinational, Transnational, globalisation, multi domestic, worldwide and the global marketplace. Many large businesses operate in many different markets. Some examples are McDonald, General Motors, Sony, Shell, Samsung, Toyota, Nike etc. While an organisation operate in another country, its survival depends on a number of factors such as legal, political, economic, language, environmental ,culture, foreign exchange market, labour, climate education. 2.2 BUSINESS ETHICS Business ethics is defined as the behaviour that a business adheres to in its daily dealings with the world. Different business adopts diverse ethics which are suitable for the company. The unethical behaviour of a company can lead to a bad reputation. The way a business conduct itself show the ethical behaviour. Every business should adopt good business ethics. Many global businesses have even been fined worth millions for breaking ethical business laws. Today if a business breaks anti-trust, ethical or environmental laws, it may ends up being fined. And to safeguard business image, it has become important to establish a good ethical policy in any business. The involvement of ethical issues such as the Employment Practices Human Rights, Environment regulations are very common. Many large organisations such as Boeing, BP, Tesco, Shell and so on have their own ethical policies which give guidance in respect of good behaviour in the workplace, business ethics issues and values. Ethics provide the trust necessary for efficient transactions and the glue that holds business together. 2.3 ETHICAL ISSUES IN INTERNATIONAL BUSINESS The economic development, law, culture, political systems are different in all over the world. What seems to be unaccepted in developed countries may be accepted in third world countries. In a multinational business framework, the source and nature of ethical issues and dilemmas are discussed below. 2.3.1 HUMAN RIGHTS Today all international organisations set fundamental standards to protect human rights. Company code is designed to give the employees protection because employees are the most vital asset of the organisation. Charles W L Hill asserts that human rights still are not respected by giving the case of human rights in South Africa. The world has changed so much with the global market that it brings complex challenges for the protection of human rights. According to Amnesty International research, companies can jeopardise the human rights of individuals and communities by their operations. 2.3.2 ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION Developed and developing countries are faced with environmental pollution. Because of lack of environmental regulations ethical issues may arise with the higher level of pollution. In developed countries many environmental regulations such as dumping of toxic chemicals, emission of pollutants and so on are in place whereby in developing countries these laws are lacking. A lot of money is invested to save the planet from environmental pollution. Today many businesses encourage green investment. 2.3.3 EMPLOYMENT PRACTICES It is important to set out proper standards of code of conduct in the host country where business is carried out. The working condition, wages, forced labour or child labour are the ethical issues associated with employment practices. The reason is the work condition may be very poor in different countries. The Nike example clearly illustrates that bad employment practices were carried out in poor nation where children were working workers were getting low wages and a failure to protect employees. 2.3.4 CORRUPTION In this new era as well, corruption plays a vital role in international business. In this context Foreign Corrupt Practices Act prohibits US companies to try to obtain contracts by offering improper payments, gifts to foreign officials. It is against the law for any member of the organisation to influence any foreign official to give any payments or gifts in return of something in the business. It is good to point out that what is considered to be gift in one country may be bribe in another. 2.3.5 MORAL OBLIGATION Indeed organisations have the required power to control their resources and they can as well move their businesses from one place to another. If power is used positively to increase social welfare then it is said to be ethical. However organisations today make it their social responsibility to help the host country and increase their social welfare by giving them something back For example, BP, an oil company make social investments in the place where they do business. 2.4 PHILOSOPHICAL APPROACHES TO ETHICS 2.4.1 STRAW MEN According to business ethics scholars, the straw men approaches does not provide appropriate guidelines for the ethical decision making process. There are four approaches under the straw men philosophy which are discussed below. 2.4.1a THE FRIEDMAN DOCTRINE In the Friedman Doctrine, Milton Friedman argues that any business social responsibility is to increase its profits as far as the organisation stays within the law. He adds that businesses should not undertake any social expenditure. 2.4.1b CULTURAL RELATIVISM Cultural Relativism believes that ethics is the reflection of a culture where a business has to operate according to the ethics of the culture. For instance, if slavery is accepted in a culture, the business has to adopt that culture if operating in that place. 2.4.1c THE RIGHTEOUS MORALIST According to Righteous Moralist, the home country standards of ethics are much better to follow in foreign countries. 2.4.1d THE NAIVE IMMORALIST According to Naive Immoralist, if a firm does not abide by the ethical norms in a host country then the other firm should follow the same path. 2.4.2 UTILITARIAN AND KANTIAN ETHICS Utilitarian approaches to ethics assert that moral worth of practices or actions is determined by their consequences. According to this approach some consequences are good and some are harmful. It highlights the point that it is important to weigh the cost of business action and its social benefits. However the action should be pursued only when the benefit outweighs the cost. In Kantian Ethics, a person is treated as an end but not as a means to the ends of others. According to this philosophy, low wages, poor work conditions, sweatshops are all against the law of ethics. 2.4.3 RIGHTS THEORIES Rights Theories which were developed in the 20th century argues that every individual has fundamental rights and privilege. Indeed these human rights transcend culture and national boundaries. According to the Rights Theorists, a minimum level of morally acceptable behaviour should be followed and they argue that firms should not engage in any business where human rights are violated. The United Nations Universal Declaration of Human Rights provides basic principles of human rights that everyone should follow. 2.4.4 JUSTICE THEORIES The principle of Justice Theory states that just distribution of economic of goods and services has to be achieved. The just distribution is considered to be fair and equitable. It is good to point out that different justice theories conflict with each other. One of the justice theorists, John Rawls illustrates that there should be equal distribution of goods and services except when an unequal distribution would work to everyones advantage. 2.5 ETHICAL DILEMMAS Managers are faced with real ethical dilemmas. To deal ethically with employment conditions, human rights, corruption, environmental pollution and the proper use of power is not always easy. Ethical dilemmas occur when a manager comes in a situation where it is not ethically acceptable. 2.6 THE ROOTS OF UNETHICAL BEHAVIOUR There are several reasons that make a manager unethical. Personal ethics, organisation culture, unrealistic performance goals, leadership, decision-making processes are all the roots of unethical behaviour. Conflicts of Interests can affect employees objectives concerning the duties and responsibilities directly or indirectly. 2.7 ETHICAL DECISION MAKING Large international corporations have the moral obligation to consider corruption, human rights, environmental pollution, working conditions in their business decisions. Along with these there are a few things that global businesses has to take into consideration for a proper follow up of ethical issues in any business decisions. First of all an organisation has to hire and promote an employee who has a strong personal ethics. In addition it is important to build a business culture where proper ethical behaviour is fully implemented. Moreover not only the corporate leaders have to encourage ethical behaviour in the organisation but they need to act upon it. Consequently the managers need to develop moral courage of the employees so as they can come forward to bring to the attention of any breach of the principles of ethics. Ethics advisors can give guidance in respect of good behaviour in the workplace and business ethics issues and values. 2.8 IMPORTANCE OF ETHICAL POLICY There are several factors which are important to being ethical in any business. First of all a strong ethics programs can reduce potential costly fines. Employees are expected to comply with national, international, local laws. Secondly a strong ethics can help to improve brand image and reputation. The organisation has the ability to attract investment capital. Moreover, it can help to decrease vulnerability to misconduct since they provide necessary training to make ethical decision. Lastly it can affect positively employees commitment to work and enhance customer loyalty. CHAPTER 3 DISCUSSIONS AND ANALYSIS Why is it important to have business ethics in organisation? Today plenty of evidences show that unethical corporate practices lead to decrease profitability of organisations with lawsuits. Since human rights and environmental conservation are very much recognised, the scandals of unethical practices can tarnish public perception of multinational. For example Boeing Company has established a very good framework of business ethics to assure an effective program to prevent and detect violations of law. The Boeing company code of conduct put much emphasis on expected behaviours for all Boeing employees likewise many large organisations have their own ethical policy that have to be followed. Climate change is a vital environmental issue. Nowadays any businesses that damage the environment are challenged by the NGOs, media or government. Protecting the environment and finding new sources of energy are the big challenges for a company since they do not bring easy solutions. In this context Boeing Company managed to achieve carbon neutral growth and holding net emissions constant. In addition it has change the airplane co2 emissions reduction by 70 percent and the noise area by 90 percent. However recently, in the case of China the Ministry of Environment has announced that the air pollution is worsening after the amelioration of economic growth. Moreover pollution of coastal waters also was detected. Being the worlds fastest growing economy it is told that its carbon dioxide emissions will continue to increase. This situation is unethical, since in the long run the health of the citizen can be affected. According to John V Mitchell (1999), business codes of ethics are rooted in national and cultural values which then can be in conflict at international level. Every country has its own culture, values, customs and traditions which are followed by own ethical values and principles. In this context it is difficult to have one international ethical code of conduct to be accepted and followed by all nations. Child labour in poor countries is culturally accepted. But how far is it ethical for a multinational to encourage child labour. Is it easy for multinationals to follow ethically its code of conduct, it is difficult to say. Nike was accused of not monitoring its subcontractors and not providing training on code of conduct. Contract, discrimination, overtime, wages, wages, working condition, child labour were all the issues involving Nike. The Nike case has indeed given lessons to the global market so as to minimise ethical issues. Nevertheless, recently Nike comes into the news for not paying $2.2 million in severance to Honduran Garment workers. The question of moral obligation arises again. Another question may arise about the responsibility of a multinational in a country where human rights are not respected. Still there are countries where freedom of speech, freedom of association, freedom of assembly and freedom from political repression are not respected. According to Charles Mitchell (2003) corruption can affect global market. It manages a countrys development in several ways. It reduces growth, decreases foreign investment, have negative impact on the loan and aid funds. In fact corruption brings high return to the corrupt but it can have no benefit to the people. The United States condemn business gifts however many nations accept business gifts as a good gesture since it tightens business relationship. Marketing should aim at providing accurate information to its customers. Marketing and safety practices should be ethical. Inappropriate marketing can tarnish the image of the Company. The example is Nestle who used wrong advertisement and end up killing babies in poor countries. General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (GATT), World Trade Organisation (WTO), International Monetary Fund(IMF), World Bank are those global institutions that manage and regulate the global marketplace. In addition they organise treaties to govern the multinational system. CHAPTER 4 CONCLUSION Developing an organisational and global ethical culture is not easy. The benefits of business ethics is that it contributes to employee commitment, investor loyalty, customer satisfaction and profits. It is of paramount importance not to change rigid values however if required maintain a flexible moral principles so as to provide an effective ethical framework. Today ethics is a must in an organisation since it brings awareness of organisational goal and shows the right way of action. A good ethical behaviour provides a healthy and nice climate of doing business. If an organisation encourages moral values in its business then clients support and attention provides competitive advantage. Thus it can be concluded that globalisation influences the world economy and gain unprecedented power. At international level the complexity of business ethics is not easy to tackle since our values , cultures differ from one another. RECOMMENDATIONS 1. Ethical values should be communicated more effectively to employees. An ethics  programs can reduce potential costly fines from wrongful, fraudulent and illegal  activities. Employees are expected to comply with national, international, local laws   2. Depending on the host country, there should be a proper communication channel that  work best for the business 3. A global company must establish an environment that encourage ethical behaviour 4. Since employeess behaviour has a crucial impact on the profitability of the organisation,  it is important to improve ethical climate of a multinational. The organisation has the  ability to attract investment capital by improving brand image and reputation 5. Training session, awareness of codes of ethics, reward systems should be considered.  The ethics programs can help to decrease vulnerability training to make ethical decision 6. Global market should respect human rights regardless of where their operations are. 7. Corruption has to be tackled and eliminated. 8. Multinationals should be encouraged to work in collaboration with the government of the  host country, NGOs, locals.

Creative Strategy Statement Example Essay

STARGET AUDIENCE The target audience consists of Male and Females ages 18 through to 27 of mixed nationalities. They are keen travellers and enjoy a very active and fun filled lifestyle. They adopt a tight budget to work with due to their income, which would be placed into the low – mid ($15,000 to $38,000). Demographics: †¢ Age: 18 – 27 †¢ Annual income: Low to mid ($15,000 – $38,000) †¢ Sex: Male & Female †¢ Occupation: Student, part-time / Casual worker †¢ Free spirited, party animal, like to try new things †¢ International, domestic Geographic: Potential clients like the beachside aspect of accommodation (water sports, lifestyle), Love to be in the heart of activity (Close to city/town centres). Something different yet at the same time similar to home (international). Psychographics: †¢ Lifestyle: Traveller, explorer, socialite, †¢ Attitude: Confident, inquisitive †¢ Personality traits: Motivated, Thrifty spender, love to party, active and fit MAJOR SELLING IDEA TO COMMUNICATE: The major selling idea for the Black Market Flights campaign is to create a want for Student Flights and its services in the target audience. The advertising campaign communicates to the audience the qualities of the travel experience (full page advertisement). The use of cityscapes featuring world renowned iconic buildings face of the city personality of the city in  the advertisement appeals to the audience on an emotional level, the feeling of excitement and freedom of travelling in these exotic locations drawing the target audience into the ‘Black Market experience†. The concept that becoming part of an exclusive Student Flights community/experience is very important to communicate to the target audience. Communicating these ideas to the target audience will achieve the aim of affirming Student Flights as the new and only place to stay when travelling on a budget. The key benefits of this style of approach are to portray Black Market Flights as ______ and to create a want in the target audience to become part of the Black Market Flights community. CREATIVE STRATEGY STATEMENT: The campaigns emotional appeal will stem from the hard working student or worker’s desire to travel and visit exotic locales. The barriers that are encountered by most of the target market involve work and university demands which lead to a day-in day-out-repetitive nightmare. As the â€Å"________† campaign is employed, the promotional characteristics of Black Market Flights are conveyed through the audiences want to â€Å"escape† from their current life. However, by embracing the â€Å"I want to escape my current repetitive grind† the brand will be positioned in this light – Always different, always fun, always _____.

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Governments Censoring Internet Content - 1490 Words

This paper explores the pros and cons of government involvement in controlling the content of the Internet. Everyday technology is getting more sophisticated, meaning that nowadays it is easy to explore about a certain issue via online connection and be near the world. In the present, as long as you have Internet connection, you have the ability to have access to all kind of information that is posted on Internet. There is a huge debate whether internet should be regulated or not, and this is excepted to continue in the upcoming years. Those who support the information epoch, tend to consider Internet to be essential and productive in educating its population. However, those who don’t favor content on the internet want to build†¦show more content†¦According to Leatherman (1993), â€Å"Freedom of speech meant not only freedom from any form of governmental control, but also freedom from private social pressures that could also inhibit thought and opinion†. As l ong as people belong to a society, they have the right to be free form any governmental inference. The word itself censoring means limitation, which limits people ideas and imaginations. If for any reason government decides to censor some Internet media for offensive reasons then as Leatherman stated (1993), †What may be offensive to one person may not be to another†. This clearly explains that you cannot base your reasoning by making all people the same. As a matter of fact, parents are the one who should be more careful educating their children in order to not allow civil liberties to be restricted. The notion of censorship means that government decides what is good and bad for society, illustrating the power that they have. Conversely, the proponents argue that censorship is used to protect social norms. In other words, censoring means protecting people from harmful content which influences people’s behavior. As long as, people have the right to post anything they wish on the Internet, they are incapable to think about consequences. They do not consider the surrounding how it might be affected, but they aim just their voice to be heard. Therefore, government, which deals with public policy, considersShow MoreRelatedAmerica Needs Internet Censorship Essay1046 Words   |  5 Pagesabout watching inappropriate content, and there it was, right on her computer screen. This could not have happened though. All she was doing was casually browsing the internet before a pop-up appeared. Although it may seem hard to believe, the major cause of events such as this is the lack of censorship on the internet. Internet censorship relates to the removal of offensive, inappropriate, or controversial content publi shed online. 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